JSS 3: TEMPERATURE SCALE
Temperature is a measure of the degree of hotness or coldness of a body. It shows how much heat energy is in a substance.
Heat is the form of energy that is transferred from a hotter object to a colder one.
Temperature can be measured in three main units or scales:
I. Degree Celsius (°C)
II. Kelvin (K)
III. Fahrenheit (°F).
The normal human body temperature is 37°C (or 98.6°F).
The instrument used for measuring temperature is called a THERMOMETER.
Temperature Conversion formulae from one scale to another
1. Convert the following to Kelvin scale
(I) 0°C (II) 25°C (III) −50°C
Solution:
K = °C + 273
(I) K = 0 + 273 (II) K = 25 + 273
= 273K = 298K
(III) K = -50 + 273
= 223K
2. Convert 25°C to Fahrenheit
Revision questions
1. If water boils at 100°C, what is its temperature in Kelvin?
2. If ice melts at 273 K, what is its temperature in °C and °F?
3. The temperature of a gas is 27°C. Find its equivalent in Kelvin and Fahrenheit.
4. The temperature in Kelvin is 350 K. What is it in Celsius and Fahrenheit?
5. A room temperature is 68°F. Convert it to Celsius and Kelvin.
6. A scientist records a temperature of 200 K. Express this in Celsius.
7. Convert -273°C to Kelvin and explain the result.
8. A laboratory oven is set at 450 K. What temperature is this in °C and °F?
9. The body temperature of a patient is 102°F. What is this in °C and K?
10. A refrigerator operates at 4°C. Express this temperature in Kelvin and Fahrenheit.
11. The freezing point of ethanol is -114°C. Find its equivalent in Kelvin and Fahrenheit.
12. A spacecraft measures an outside temperature of 100 K. How many degrees Celsius is this?
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