JSS 3: TIN

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Tin is a metal with the symbol Sn (from Latin Stannum). It has valencies of +2 and +4
It is found in the earth’s crust mainly as cassiterite (SnO₂).
Tin is one of the oldest metal used by man.
             Physical Properties of Tin
1. Tin is a silvery-white and shiny metal.
2. It is soft and can be bent easily.
3. It can be beaten into thin sheets (malleable).
4. It has a low melting point (232°C).
5. It does not rust easily (resists corrosion).

           Chemical Properties of Tin
1. It can react with oxygen to form tin oxide (SnO₂).
SnO₂ + 2C → Sn + 2CO

2. It can reacts slowly with acids to give tin salts and hydrogen gas.
SnO₂ + 2C → Sn + 2CO

3. Tin oxide is amphoteric (reacts with acids and bases).

            Extraction of Tin
Tin is obtained from cassiterite (SnO₂). The ore is heated with carbon to get tin:
SnO₂ + 2C → Sn + 2CO


                  Uses of Tin
1. Tin is used to coat iron to make tin cans.
2. It is used to make alloys like bronze (tin + copper) and solder (tin + lead).
3. It is used in electrical wires and electroplating.
4. It is used in glass and ceramic industries.

                Compounds of Tin
The compounds of Tin include:
1. Tin(IV) oxide (SnO₂)
It is used in making glass and ceramics
2. Tin(II) chloride (SnCl₂)
It is used as a reducing agent

                Allotropes of Tin
Tin exists in three forms:
1. Grey tin
2. White tin
3. Rhombic tin 

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