JSS 1: MATTER

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                  Meaning of Matter
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
Everything around us is made up of matter. Examples include air, water, books, stones, tables, food, and living things.

Matter is made up of very tiny particles called atoms and molecules. These particles are constantly in motion, although the degree of movement differs from one state of matter to another.

                States of Matter
Matter exists mainly in three states:
1. Solid state
2. Liquid state
3. Gaseous state
The major difference between the three states of matter is the degree of movement and arrangement of their particles.


                       Solid State
A solid is a state of matter that has a fixed shape and a fixed volume.

             Characteristics of Solids
1. Solids have a definite or fixed shape.
2. Solids have a definite volume.
3. Their particles are closely packed together.
4. The particles can only vibrate about fixed positions.
5. Solids are difficult to compress.
6. They usually have a high density compared with liquids and gases.
Examples of Solids: Stone, Book, Wood, Iron, Ice, Table, Pencil etc

                       Liquid State
A liquid is a state of matter that has a fixed volume but no fixed shape. It takes the shape of the container in which it is placed.
              Characteristics of Liquids
1. Liquids have a definite volume.
2. They do not have a definite shape.
3. Their particles are less closely packed than those of solids.
4. Their particles can move or slide past one another.
5. Liquids can flow.
6. They are difficult to compress.
Examples of Liquids: Water, Milk, Kerosene, Cooking oil, Petrol, Mercury etc

                  Gaseous State
A gas is a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume.
             Characteristics of Gases
1. Gases have no definite shape.
2. Gases have no definite volume.
3. Their particles are far apart.
4. Their particles move freely and rapidly in all directions.
5. Gases can flow easily.
6. They are easily compressed.
7. They fill the entire space available to them.
Examples of Gases: Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon dioxide, Hydrogen, Water vapour, Air etc

The processes involved during changes in the States of Matter
           

                       

                         Assignment
Identify the letters:
A=
B=
C=
D=
E=
F=

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