JSS 2: WATER

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Water is a colourless, odourless, tasteless and transparent liquid. A molecule of water is made up of 2 hydrogen (H) atoms and 1 oxygen (O) atom.
The chemical formula of Water is H₂O.
Water is essential for the survival of all living things. It is the most abundant substance on the Earth's surface. Water is a compound formed when hydrogen combines chemically with oxygen.
                2H₂ + O₂→ 2H₂O
                 
                   Sources of Water
The sources of water include: Rain, Rivers, Streams, Lakes, Springs, Wells, Boreholes, Oceans and seas (salt water)

              Types of water 
The two types of water are:
1. Soft water 
2. Hard water
                      Soft water
Soft water is a type of water that form lather (foam) easily with soap e.g. rain water 
                     Hard water 
Hard water is a type of water that does not form lather (foam) easily with soap.

         Causes of hardness of water
Hardness of water is caused by the presence of salts of calcium, magnesium and iron in wells, rivers and seas.

           Removal of hardness of water 
Hardness of water can be removed by:
1. Boiling 
2. Distillation 
3. Using Water softener (Permutit)

          Physical Properties of Water
1. It is colourless, odourless, tasteless and transparent liquid 
2. It has no fixed shape but takes the shape of its container.
3. It freezes at 0°C.
4. It boils at 100°C at standard atmospheric pressure.
5. It is a good solvent for many substances.

                      Uses of Water
Water is used for:
1. Domestic use such as: Drinking, Cooking food, Bathing and washing clothes.
2. Irrigation in agriculture.
3. Industrial processes.
4. Generation of hydroelectric power.
5. Transportation by ships and boats.
6. Firefighting.
7. Supporting aquatic life.

     Methods of Purifying Water
1. Boiling
2. Sedimentation and decantation
3. Filtration
4. Chlorination
5. Distillation
6. Use of coagulants

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